LIVER
Post Transplant
A donated liver can become available any time of the day or night. While on the waiting list, the patient follows physician orders and routine medical evaluations. Once a liver becomes available, the patient is contacted and given specific instructions. The patient will undergo a complete physical exam and any additional pre-operative tests prior to transplantation.
Transplant Surgery Expectations
The transplant operation usually lasts approximately 8 to 12 hours. An incision is made in the upper abdomen, and the diseased liver is removed. The donor liver is reconnected to the major blood vessels and bile ducts, and the incision is then closed. A tube (foley catheter) is placed in the bladder for post-operative urine drainage. Surgical drains are also inserted around the incision to facilitate fluid drainage. Surgical drains are also inserted around the incision to facilitate fluid drainage.
After surgery, the patient is taken to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and then transferred to the hospital transplant unit when appropriate. Feeling weak and fatigued is a common post-operative experience. However, the patient can get out of bed, sit in a chair, and walk with assistance. Physical and occupational therapists work with the patient to gradually increase physical strength and activity endurance. Coughing and deep breathing exercises are also performed to clear the lungs. Most liver transplant patients spend approximately 10 days in the hospital following their operation. However, each individual recovery course varies and some patients may require a prolonged hospital stay.
While hospitalized, the multi-disciplinary transplant team of nurse coordinators, dietitians, social workers, and other dedicated individuals provide post-transplant education and support services. The patient is informed about diet and exercise. Classes are held to teach medication usage. Discharge arrangements are also planned and may include home care, resumption of daily activities, and scheduling of follow-up clinic visits.
Post Transplantation
After discharge, activity will be limited for six to eight weeks. Mild exercise, such as walking is highly encouraged, but driving and heavy lifting are prohibited. The patient must keep a daily record of temperature, blood pressure, weight, and doses and times medication is taken. Patients usually return to work within three months.Infection and rejection are the main risks associated with transplants. Each transplant patient is prescribed immunosuppressive, or "anti-rejection" medications. These medications prevent the body's immune system from rejecting the new transplanted organ. To maximize their effectiveness, immunosuppressive medications must be taken daily throughout the patient's life. For a period of time after the transplant, patients will require routine blood tests to determine if the medication needs adjustments to help prevent rejection of the new liver. Therefore, post-transplant patients are required to have regular follow-up visits during the first two years.
Because post-transplant medications are designed to suppress the immune system to reduce the risk of rejection, they also increase the risk of infection. Immediately following discharge, it is imperative that patients avoid large crowds and contact with unhealthy individuals.
Immunosuppressive medications are vital for transplant success. However, a lifetime prescription can be financially challenging. Private insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid often cover a percentage of the costs. Our financial counselors can assist the patient with information and planning.
Our medical, social, and financial specialists are always available to answer any questions and provide assistance following transplantation.